| name | Camphor |
| classification | Topical analgesic, counterirritant |
| pharmacokinetics | Camphor is rapidly absorbed through the skin. Metabolism occurs primarily in the liver, with some excretion in the urine and feces. The half-life varies depending on the route of administration and formulation. Data for specific pharmacokinetic parameters in humans may be limited. |
| suggested dosage | Dosage varies widely based on preparation and intended use. Specific dosing recommendations must come from a qualified healthcare professional and are not provided here due to potential for harm. |
| indications | | 1 | Topical relief of muscular aches and pains | | 2 | Topical relief of minor skin irritations (limited evidence) |
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| safety in pregnancy | Limited data on human use during pregnancy. Should not be used in pregnancy unless benefit clearly outweighs the risk, based on a comprehensive risk-benefit assessment by a medical professional. |
| safety in breastfeeding | Limited data on human use during breastfeeding. Should not be used in breastfeeding unless benefit clearly outweighs the risk, based on a comprehensive risk-benefit assessment by a medical professional. |
| side effects | | 1 | Skin irritation | | 2 | Burning sensation | | 3 | Redness | | 4 | Allergic reactions (rare) | | 5 | If ingested, significant potential for toxicity, including nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, headache, dizziness, and even coma (rare). |
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| alternatives | |
| contraindications | | 1 | Known hypersensitivity to camphor | | 2 | Open wounds or skin lesions in the application area | | 3 | Children under specific age ranges. Refer to product information. | | 4 | Ingestion of camphor is absolutely contraindicated. |
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| interactions | Potential interactions with other medications or conditions exist. Consult a healthcare professional before use with other medications. |
| warnings | | 1 | Never ingest camphor. | | 2 | Apply only as directed. | | 3 | Avoid contact with eyes. | | 4 | Discontinue use if skin irritation develops. | | 5 | Use caution with children and pets. |
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| precautions | | 1 | Use caution in patients with pre-existing skin conditions. | | 2 | Use caution with compromised skin integrity. | | 3 | Individual response may vary. | | 4 | Use appropriate concentration, and always refer to manufacturer's instructions or the advice of a qualified healthcare professional. |
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| additional information | Camphor is a volatile oil and has a potential for respiratory irritation if inhaled in concentrated forms. Use only as directed by a healthcare professional. Consult with a doctor or pharmacist before use, especially if pregnant or breastfeeding, taking other medications, or have any medical conditions. |
