| name | Combined Hormonal Contraception |
| Classification | Hormonal Contraceptives |
| Pharmacokinetics | The pharmacokinetics of combined hormonal contraceptives vary depending on the specific formulation (e.g., pill type, transdermal patch, vaginal ring). Generally, estrogen and progestin are absorbed into the bloodstream, where they exert their effects on the reproductive system. Elimination occurs primarily through metabolism in the liver, followed by excretion in the urine and feces. |
| suggested dosage | Dosage varies significantly depending on the specific product and formulation. It's crucial to follow the instructions provided by the prescribing physician or printed on the product packaging. The most common regimen involves daily oral administration of a combination of estrogen and progestin. |
| indications | Primary indication is contraception. May also be used to regulate menstrual cycles, reduce menstrual cramps, and treat acne and hirsutism (excessive hair growth) in some cases, but these are considered secondary indications. A doctor will assess individual needs and determine appropriateness. |
| safety in pregnancy | Absolutely contraindicated if already pregnant. It is essential to ensure accurate pregnancy status before initiating this medication. |
| safety in breastfeeding | Generally considered safe during breastfeeding in most cases. However, some formulations may have a slight impact on milk production or composition. It's essential to discuss this with a healthcare provider. |
| side effects | | 1 | Nausea, vomiting | | 2 | Headache | | 3 | Breast tenderness | | 4 | Mood changes | | 5 | Spotting or irregular bleeding (especially in the first few months) | | 6 | Bloating | | 7 | Weight changes (although typically small and temporary) | | 8 | Increased risk of blood clots (Venous thromboembolism - VTE), stroke, and heart attack | | 9 | High blood pressure | | 10 | Increased risk of gallstones | | 11 | Rare cases of liver tumors | | 12 | Allergic reactions |
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| alternatives | |
| contraindications | | 1 | History of blood clots (DVT, PE) | | 2 | History of stroke or heart attack | | 3 | Severe cardiovascular disease | | 4 | Known or suspected pregnancy | | 5 | Breast cancer or other hormone-sensitive cancers | | 6 | Severe liver disease | | 7 | Undiagnosed genital bleeding | | 8 | Migraine with aura |
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| interactions | Numerous medications can interact with hormonal contraceptives, potentially affecting their effectiveness or increasing side effects. It is critical to disclose all medications (prescription, over-the-counter, herbal) to the healthcare provider. |
| warnings and precautions | Regular checkups are essential to monitor for potential side effects. Women with a family history of certain conditions (e.g., blood clots, stroke) should discuss risk factors with their doctor. Smoking significantly increases cardiovascular risks, especially in combination with hormonal contraceptives. Careful monitoring for any changes in health, especially concerning symptoms like chest pain, shortness of breath, or severe headaches, is crucial. |
| additional informations | Individual responses to combined hormonal contraceptives can vary. The specific product chosen should be tailored to the individual patient's needs and medical history, and always taken under the supervision of a qualified physician. |
