| name | Copper-releasing Intrauterine Device (IUD) |
| classification | Contraceptive, Non-hormonal |
| pharmacokinetics | Copper is released from the IUD into the uterine cavity at a constant rate. It does not enter systemic circulation to any significant degree. The copper acts primarily locally, disrupting sperm function and the environment suitable for fertilization and implantation. Details on the specific mechanisms are complex and not fully elucidated. |
| suggested dosage | Single insertion by a healthcare professional. No ongoing dosage. |
| indications | | 1 | Contraception | | 2 | Long-term, reversible contraception | | 3 | Potential reduction in ectopic pregnancy risk (though this is not the primary indication) |
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| safety in pregnancy | Not applicable. The IUD is not to be used while pregnant. Removal is necessary if a pregnancy is suspected or confirmed. |
| safety in breastfeeding | Generally considered safe for use during breastfeeding. The copper released does not affect breast milk production or composition. |
| side effects | | 1 | Increased menstrual bleeding and cramping in the initial months (often subsides) | | 2 | Pelvic pain or discomfort | | 3 | Expulsion risk (lower with newer models) | | 4 | Infection risk (low with proper insertion technique) | | 5 | Possible spotting between periods | | 6 | Rarely, perforation of the uterus |
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| alternatives | |
| contraindications | | 1 | Suspected or confirmed pregnancy | | 2 | Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) | | 3 | Uterine abnormalities (e.g., fibroids, significant anatomical abnormalities) | | 4 | Known or suspected uterine or cervical cancer | | 5 | Allergy to copper | | 6 | History of ectopic pregnancy (should be discussed with healthcare provider) |
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| interactions | No known significant drug interactions with orally administered medications. Copper in the IUD does not significantly interfere with other systemic processes, but potential interactions should be discussed with a physician. |
| warnings and precautions | | 1 | Insertion must be performed by a trained healthcare professional. | | 2 | Regular follow-up appointments are crucial for checking the device's placement and addressing any concerns. | | 3 | Women with heavy menstrual bleeding may not be suitable candidates due to potential intensification of bleeding. | | 4 | There is a risk of expulsion, which should be discussed with the patient. Expulsion is more common in the early weeks post-insertion. |
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| additional information | | 1 | Efficacy and side effects can vary between individuals. | | 2 | The device should not be removed or tampered with by the patient. | | 3 | Proper selection and insertion of the device are critical for successful use. |
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| patient data | |
