| name | Inhaled Corticosteroids (ICS) |
| Classification | Anti-inflammatory, bronchodilators |
| Pharmacokinetics | ICS are inhaled and primarily act locally in the lungs. Absorption into the systemic circulation is generally low. Metabolism and excretion vary based on specific medication, but are primarily handled by the liver and kidneys. Peak effects are usually observed within hours to days, depending on the individual and medication. |
| suggested dosage | Dosage is highly variable and depends on the specific ICS medication, severity of asthma or COPD, and patient response. It's crucial to follow the prescription instructions provided by a physician. Initial dosages are typically lower, and titration to a maintenance dose occurs. Important to emphasize that self-adjustment of dosages is dangerous and should not be undertaken without medical supervision. |
| indications | | 1 | Asthma | | 2 | Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) | | 3 | Allergic Bronchopulmonary Aspergillosis (ABPA) | | 4 | Severe persistent allergic rhinitis |
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| Safety in pregnancy | ICS use during pregnancy is generally considered safe, however, it's important to discuss the specific risks and benefits with a physician. Some studies have linked long-term use to possible adverse effects on fetal lung development; hence careful monitoring is essential. Lower doses when possible are favored. |
| Safety in breastfeeding | ICS are generally considered compatible with breastfeeding. However, systemic effects are minimal. Consult a pediatrician or physician about any concerns and weigh the benefits of treatment against potential effects. |
| side effects | | 1 | Oral thrush (oral candidiasis) | | 2 | Hoarseness | | 3 | Cough | | 4 | Dry mouth | | 5 | Headache | | 6 | Increased risk of pneumonia | | 7 | Systemic side effects are generally rare but possible in high doses. Discuss possible risks and benefits with your doctor. |
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| alternatives | |
| contraindications | | 1 | Known hypersensitivity to ICS or any of its components | | 2 | Severely impaired liver or kidney function |
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| interactions | Some ICS may interact with other medications, including other asthma medications, oral corticosteroids, or medications affecting liver function. Always inform your physician of all medications, supplements, or herbs you are taking. |
| warnings and precautions | | 1 | Avoid abrupt discontinuation of ICS, as it can worsen asthma symptoms. | | 2 | Regular monitoring of lung function is recommended. | | 3 | Monitor for signs and symptoms of infection (especially oral thrush). | | 4 | Adherence to the prescribed treatment plan is essential for optimal control of the disease. |
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| additional information | Individual responses to ICS can vary. A physician should be consulted to determine the most appropriate regimen. Patient education is essential for managing ICS use effectively and safely. Regular follow-ups to monitor treatment effectiveness and side effects are recommended. |
| patient specific considerations | | age | 25 | | weight | 70 | | notes | While weight does not significantly impact ICS dosage, other factors such as the specific ICS type, presence of co-morbidities, and overall health are essential in determining the dosage. |
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