| drug name | Ipratropium Bromide |
| classification | Anticholinergic bronchodilator |
| pharmacokinetics | | absorption | Poorly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract. Primarily delivered via inhalation, providing rapid onset of bronchodilation. | | distribution | Widely distributed throughout the body, crossing the blood-brain barrier to a limited extent. | | metabolism | Minimal hepatic metabolism. Primarily excreted unchanged in the urine. | | elimination | Elimination half-life is approximately 6 hours, although the duration of action is typically shorter. |
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| suggested dosage | | adult | | inhalation | Usual adult dose via inhalation is 2 puffs every 4-6 hours as needed. | | inhalation details | A specific volume/dosage might be present in the inhaler; follow manufacturer's instructions carefully |
| | other dosage forms | Ipratropium is not typically given by other routes. |
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| indications | | 1 | Treatment of bronchospasm associated with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and asthma. | | 2 | Prevention of bronchospasm in patients prone to exercise-induced bronchospasm. |
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| safety in pregnancy | Limited data on the safety of Ipratropium Bromide in pregnancy. It is generally considered a pregnancy category B drug, but should be used with caution, especially during the first trimester. Consult a healthcare provider for detailed guidance. |
| safety in breastfeeding | Ipratropium bromide is considered to be relatively safe for use while breastfeeding, but it is not recommended to administer without consulting with a healthcare professional. |
| side effects | | 1 | Dry mouth | | 2 | Headache | | 3 | Nasal congestion | | 4 | Palpitations | | 5 | Urinary retention (potential in patients with underlying conditions) | | 6 | Increased heart rate | | 7 | Cough | | 8 | Sore throat | | 9 | Constipation |
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| alternatives | |
| contraindications | | 1 | Known hypersensitivity to ipratropium bromide or other anticholinergics. | | 2 | Glaucoma (angle-closure type) | | 3 | Prostatic hyperplasia (potential risk for urinary retention) | | 4 | Myasthenia gravis (caution required) |
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| interactions | | 1 | Potentially additive effects with other bronchodilators | | 2 | Interaction with other medications is possible. It is essential to inform healthcare provider about all medications taken. | | 3 | Anticholinergics may enhance the risk of adverse effects with other drugs affecting the central nervous system (CNS) |
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| warnings and precautions | | 1 | Monitor for signs of worsening respiratory symptoms. | | 2 | Instruct patients to rinse the mouth after use to reduce risk of oral candidiasis (thrush). | | 3 | Use cautiously in patients with a history of urinary retention, or conditions that may impair urination. | | 4 | Monitor elderly patients closely for adverse effects. | | 5 | Ipratropium should not be considered a first-line treatment for acute asthma attacks. The use of a short-acting beta-agonist (e.g., albuterol) is usually needed for immediate relief |
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| additional information | Ipratropium bromide is not a rescue medication for acute asthma attacks; it's primarily used for chronic maintenance of respiratory function. Patients should consult a healthcare professional for specific requirements. |
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