| name | Progestin-only pills (POPs) |
| classification | Hormonal Contraceptives (Progestin-only) |
| pharmacokinetics | Progestin-only pills primarily work by preventing ovulation and thickening cervical mucus. The precise absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion vary depending on the specific progestin used in the formulation. Generally, the progestin is rapidly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract, with peak concentrations achieved within a few hours. Metabolism occurs primarily in the liver, with excretion through the kidneys and bile. The half-life of various progestins can vary, impacting the duration of their effect. |
| suggested dosage | The recommended dosage is typically one pill daily, taken at the same time each day. Precise dosage instructions vary by formulation and manufacturer. Consult the product packaging for specific details. |
| indications | Primary indication is contraception. Some studies suggest potential benefits for reducing menstrual symptoms like pain and bleeding. Less common indications might include treatment for certain conditions of the endometrium (endometrial hyperplasia) and menorrhagia in certain situations, in discussion with a healthcare provider. |
| safety in pregnancy | Absolutely contraindicated if already pregnant. If a woman using POPs becomes pregnant, it should be acknowledged promptly to the healthcare provider. |
| safety in breastfeeding | Generally considered safe for breastfeeding mothers. The progestin passes into breast milk in small amounts, but it is unlikely to affect the infant. |
| side effects | | 1 | Bleeding irregularities (spotting, breakthrough bleeding, amenorrhea) | | 2 | Mood changes (e.g., irritability) | | 3 | Breast tenderness | | 4 | Headache | | 5 | Nausea | | 6 | Weight changes (minor) | | 7 | Slight changes in blood pressure and/or heart rate |
|
| alternatives | |
| contraindications | | 1 | Known or suspected pregnancy | | 2 | Breast cancer | | 3 | Liver disease | | 4 | Known hypersensitivity to progestins | | 5 | Undiagnosed vaginal bleeding | | 6 | History of blood clots (thrombosis) |
|
| interactions | | 1 | Certain medications (e.g., anticonvulsants, antibiotics) might reduce the effectiveness of POPs. This is not an exhaustive list and interaction with specific drugs should be determined by the prescriber. | | 2 | Some herbal remedies might also interact. |
|
| warnings and precautions | | 1 | Regular checkups with a healthcare provider are recommended. | | 2 | Users should be vigilant about early detection of any unusual changes, especially concerning blood clotting or potential liver problems. | | 3 | Use of progestin-only pills should be discussed in detail with a healthcare professional who can assess individual needs and risks. | | 4 | Do not use if there is a history of stroke, blood clots (thrombosis) or severe allergic reactions. | | 5 | Users should be aware of increased risk for thromboembolic disorders if they have a family history of such conditions, are obese, or have conditions like high blood pressure. |
|
| additional information | Always follow the instructions provided by the prescribing healthcare provider. Consult the packaging insert for specific product information. Patients should promptly report any side effects to their healthcare provider. Effectiveness in contraceptive function might vary amongst individuals. POPs are not suitable for all individuals and should be discussed carefully with a healthcare professional. |
