| name | Retinoic Acid |
| classification | Vitamin A derivative, Topical retinoid |
| pharmacokinetics | Retinoic acid is readily absorbed through the skin. Systemic absorption is variable and dependent on the formulation and concentration. Metabolism primarily occurs in the liver via oxidation and conjugation. Excretion is primarily via the bile. |
| suggested dosage | Dosage varies significantly depending on the indication. It's crucial to follow the specific instructions provided by a physician or pharmacist. Topical formulations are usually prescribed in concentrations ranging from 0.025% to 0.1% for acne treatment. Systemic retinoic acid (isotretinoin) is a different drug and has its own, higher dosage range. |
| indications | | 1 | Acne vulgaris | | 2 | Psoriasis | | 3 | Actinic keratosis | | 4 | Some types of skin cancer (topical use only) | | 5 | Hypertrophic scars (topical use only) |
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| safety in pregnancy | Retinoic acid is a known teratogen. Systemic use is absolutely contraindicated in pregnancy. Topical use should be avoided in women of childbearing potential unless the potential benefit outweighs the risk, and meticulous precautions, including rigorous contraception are followed. |
| safety in breastfeeding | Limited data exists regarding retinoic acid's safety in breastfeeding women. Consult with a healthcare professional before using retinoic acid in breastfeeding women. |
| side effects | | 1 | Skin irritation (redness, dryness, peeling) | | 2 | Burning sensation | | 3 | Photosensitivity (increased sun sensitivity) | | 4 | Acne-like skin eruptions | | 5 | Rarely, systemic side effects can occur (depending on route and concentration). | | 6 | (Systemic use can also cause more severe side effects such as birth defects in an unborn child, liver damage, and bone marrow suppression.) |
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| alternatives | |
| contraindications | | 1 | Known hypersensitivity to retinoic acid or other components of the formulation. | | 2 | Severe liver disease | | 3 | Active skin infections | | 4 | Severe skin conditions (e.g., eczema) |
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| interactions | | 1 | Certain medications can interact with retinoic acid (e.g., other topical medications). | | 2 | Caution should be exercised when combining retinoic acid with photosensitizing medications or substances. | | 3 | Consult your doctor if you are taking any other medications or supplements. |
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| warnings and precautions | | 1 | Begin with a low concentration and gradually increase frequency of application to allow skin to adjust. | | 2 | Always apply a broad-spectrum sunscreen when using topical retinoic acid, especially during sun exposure. | | 3 | Inform your doctor about any existing medical conditions or medications. | | 4 | Use caution during application to avoid getting it in the eyes. |
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| additional informations | The specific type of retinoic acid (e.g., topical vs. systemic) and formulation will influence the exact recommendations for dose, precautions, and potential side effects. A physician should evaluate the specific needs and risks for any individual patient. |
| patient specific details | | age | 25 years | | weight | 70 kg | | gender | Male |
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