| name | Spermicides |
| classification | Contraceptive method; Local anti-fertility agent |
| pharmacokinetics | Spermicides act locally by creating a hostile environment for sperm. They typically do not enter the systemic circulation in significant amounts. The mechanism of action varies by product. Some spermicides disrupt sperm membrane integrity, others create an acidic environment in the vagina, reducing sperm motility. The duration of action depends on the specific formulation, but generally lasts for a limited time (e.g. 1-8 hours). |
| suggested dosage | Dosage varies greatly depending on the specific product. Consult the product packaging and instructions provided by the healthcare professional for correct use. |
| indications | Spermicides are primarily used as a contraceptive method, to help prevent pregnancy when used in conjunction with other methods like barrier methods (condoms). They are not effective on their own for reliable contraception. |
| safety in pregnancy | No known teratogenic effects in pregnancy. Generally considered safe during pregnancy, but additional information from a healthcare professional is crucial for individual cases. |
| safety in breastfeeding | Generally considered safe during breastfeeding. |
| side effects | | 1 | Vaginal irritation or discomfort | | 2 | Allergic reactions (rare but possible) | | 3 | Vaginal discharge | | 4 | Vaginal pH changes |
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| alternatives | |
| contraindications | Hypersensitivity or allergy to spermicide ingredients, pre-existing vaginal infections, or conditions requiring a spermicide-free environment in the vagina. |
| interactions | No significant interactions with other medications noted, but specific recommendations require advice from a healthcare professional. |
| warnings and precautions | Spermicides are not a reliable contraceptive method alone and may increase risk of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) without the use of barrier methods. Thorough understanding of correct usage and product application are essential for maximum effectiveness. May be less effective in individuals with certain vaginal conditions. |
| additional informations | | 1 | Must be used with correct techniques and with another barrier method for effective contraceptive protection. | | 2 | Some spermicides come in different forms (e.g. jellies, creams, foams, suppositories, films). Always follow the instructions on the package. | | 3 | May increase the risk of vaginal infections if used incorrectly or excessively. | | 4 | Consider consulting a healthcare professional for personalized guidance regarding contraceptive options. | | 5 | Patient age and weight are not relevant factors for spermicide use instructions and safety. |
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