| name | Tobramycin |
| Classification | Aminoglycoside antibiotic |
| Pharmacokinetics | Tobramycin is rapidly absorbed from the injection site. Peak serum concentrations are achieved within 30-90 minutes after intravenous administration. The drug distributes into various tissues and organs, including the kidneys and lungs. It is primarily eliminated by renal excretion, and the half-life is highly variable and depends on renal function. In patients with normal renal function, the half-life is approximately 2-3 hours. In patients with impaired renal function, the half-life is prolonged, potentially leading to accumulation and toxicity. |
| suggested dosage | Dosage of tobramycin varies significantly depending on the patient's renal function and the infection being treated. A physician should prescribe the appropriate dosage based on individual patient characteristics, and blood levels should be monitored to ensure adequate dosing and prevent toxicity. It is crucial to consult with a healthcare provider for specific dosage recommendations. General guidelines include intravenous or intramuscular administration, typically given every 8 hours, in a range between 1.5 and 5 mg/kg of body weight daily in two or more divided doses, usually in a range of 2-10 mg/kg daily, depending on the indication and individual patient response. |
| indications | Tobramycin is indicated for the treatment of serious bacterial infections, such as pneumonia, sepsis, and endocarditis, caused by susceptible organisms. It is also used in combination therapy for other infections, as well as for topical use to treat eye infections. |
| safety in pregnancy | Tobramycin should be used during pregnancy only when clearly needed and under the strict supervision of a physician. Potential risks to the fetus need to be carefully weighed against the potential benefits. It's considered a category 'C' medication, meaning there are insufficient human studies on the effects of tobramycin during pregnancy. Monitoring for potential adverse effects in the mother and developing fetus is crucial. |
| safety in breastfeeding | Tobramycin is present in breast milk. The potential risks to the nursing infant should be weighed against the potential benefits of treatment for the mother. Monitoring for potential side effects is recommended, and it may be prudent to discontinue breastfeeding if possible. |
| side effects | | 1 | Nephrotoxicity (kidney damage) | | 2 | Ototoxicity (hearing loss or damage to the vestibular system) | | 3 | Neuromuscular blockade | | 4 | Nausea | | 5 | Vomiting | | 6 | Diarrhea | | 7 | Hypersensitivity reactions | | 8 | Local reactions at injection site | | 9 | fever | | 10 | Chills |
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| alternatives | |
| contraindications | | 1 | Known hypersensitivity to aminoglycosides | | 2 | Severe renal impairment | | 3 | Severe neuromuscular blockade |
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| interactions | | 1 | Some medications, particularly those that also affect kidney function, can increase the risk of tobramycin toxicity. | | 2 | Use with other aminoglycosides requires careful monitoring. |
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| warnings and precautions | Monitor renal and auditory function during therapy. Adjust dosage according to renal function. Closely monitor for signs of ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity. Assess for and treat any hypersensitivity reactions promptly. Infections must be treated under close medical supervision, and cultures must be performed to determine the most effective treatment. |
| additional informations | Tobramycin is a potent medication that requires careful monitoring of serum levels and renal function. Only a qualified healthcare professional can determine the appropriate dosage and duration of therapy, and it is essential to comply with their instructions fully. Do not stop taking the medication without consulting with the prescribing physician. |
| patient profile | |
