| name | Combined Oral Contraceptives (Birth Control Pills) |
| classification | Hormonal Contraceptives |
| pharmacokinetics | Oral administration results in rapid absorption of estrogen and progestin, which then exert effects on the reproductive system. Pharmacokinetic profiles vary by formulation. Duration of action is linked to administration timing and cycle. Metabolism primarily occurs in the liver, with elimination through kidneys and feces. |
| dosage | Dosage varies; follow healthcare provider or product instructions. Typically, one pill daily is taken consistently for a prescribed period. |
| indications | | 1 | Contraception | | 2 | Menstrual cycle regulation | | 3 | Reduction of menstrual cramps | | 4 | Potential treatment of acne and hirsutism |
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| safety in pregnancy | Contraindicated. Discontinue immediately if pregnancy occurs. |
| safety in breastfeeding | Generally safe; however, some formulations may have reduced efficacy. Consult a healthcare provider for personalized advice. |
| side effects | | 1 | Nausea | | 2 | Headache | | 3 | Breast tenderness | | 4 | Mood changes | | 5 | Fluid retention | | 6 | Spotting/breakthrough bleeding | | 7 | Vaginal infections (less common) | | 8 | Increased risk of blood clots (rare) | | 9 | Elevated blood pressure |
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| alternatives | |
| contraindications | | 1 | Known or suspected pregnancy | | 2 | History of blood clots (thromboembolic events) | | 3 | Certain cardiovascular conditions | | 4 | Severe liver disease | | 5 | Known hypersensitivity to medication components | | 6 | Migraines with aura |
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| interactions | Possible interactions with various medications (e.g., antibiotics, anticonvulsants). Disclose all medications and supplements to the healthcare provider. Consult prescribing information for specific details. |
| warnings and precautions | | 1 | Regular check-ups with physician recommended | | 2 | Close monitoring for patients with prior blood clots or stroke | | 3 | Smoking significantly increases cardiovascular risk with combined oral contraceptives | | 4 | Seek immediate medical attention for severe abdominal or chest pain |
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| additional information | | 1 | Not a cure for sexually transmitted infections | | 2 | Adhere to healthcare provider instructions | | 3 | Proper disposal of unused/expired pills | | 4 | Efficacy depends on consistent adherence to the prescribed schedule |
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| patient details | |
| disclaimer | This information is for general knowledge only and does not constitute medical advice. Consult a healthcare professional for personalized recommendations. |
