| name | Dupilumab |
| classification | Interleukin-4 receptor alpha (IL-4Rα) inhibitor |
| pharmacokinetics | Dupilumab is highly protein-bound (>99%) and primarily eliminated by metabolism, with minimal renal excretion. The bioavailability is approximately 75%. The terminal half-life is approximately 10 days. |
| suggested dosage | Dosage varies by indication and should be determined by a healthcare professional. Generally, for adults with moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis, the typical dosage is 300 mg subcutaneously every 2 weeks. Factors such as individual patient characteristics (weight, age, comorbidities), and response to treatment will determine the appropriate dosage and frequency. Consult with a healthcare professional for personalized recommendations. |
| indications | Dupilumab is primarily indicated for the treatment of moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis (eczema), particularly in patients who have not responded adequately to other treatments. It may also be used for certain forms of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP). |
| safety in pregnancy | Limited data regarding Dupilumab's safety during pregnancy are available. Dupilumab may pose risks to the developing fetus. Use during pregnancy is generally not recommended unless the potential benefits significantly outweigh the potential risks. Thorough discussion with a physician is crucial. |
| safety in breastfeeding | Limited data regarding Dupilumab's safety during breastfeeding are available. The drug should not be used during breastfeeding unless the potential benefits outweigh the potential risks to the infant. |
| side effects | | 1 | Injection site reactions (pain, redness, swelling) | | 2 | Headache | | 3 | Nasopharyngitis (common cold) | | 4 | Upper respiratory tract infections | | 5 | Nausea | | 6 | Diarrhea | | 7 | Fatigue | | 8 | Increased risk of infections (particularly upper respiratory infections) | | 9 | Hypersensitivity reactions (e.g., rash, itching) | | 10 | Elevated liver enzymes | | 11 | Gastrointestinal problems | | 12 | Skin infections | | 13 | Increased risk of infections (e.g., cellulitis, pneumonia) | | 14 | Serous otitis media | | 15 | Dermatitis | | 16 | Anaphylaxis |
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| alternatives | | 1 | | | 2 | | | 3 | | alternative | Cyclosporine | | indications | | 1 | Severe atopic dermatitis in specific cases (used less commonly due to potential side effects) |
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| contraindications | | 1 | Known hypersensitivity to dupilumab or any of its components | | 2 | Severe active infections or a history of recurrent, severe infections | | 3 | Severe, uncontrolled inflammatory bowel disease (e.g., Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis) |
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| interactions | | 1 | | medication | Immunosuppressants | | interaction | Increased risk of infection |
| | 2 | | medication | Other biologics | | interaction | Potentially increased risk of adverse events; careful monitoring needed |
| | 3 | | medication | Other medications that affect liver function | | interaction | Increased risk of liver damage |
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| warnings and precautions | | 1 | Monitor for signs and symptoms of infection | | 2 | Regular monitoring of liver function tests is recommended | | 3 | May exacerbate underlying conditions | | 4 | Caution in patients with a history of liver disease | | 5 | Not recommended during pregnancy unless absolutely necessary after a thorough discussion with a physician. | | 6 | Patients with a history of severe or poorly controlled inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) should avoid use. |
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| additional information | Dupilumab is a biologic therapy that may take several weeks to show a clinical effect. Patient response to treatment varies, and ongoing assessment is essential. Proper monitoring and management by a healthcare professional is critical for safety and effectiveness. |
