| name | Inhaled Corticosteroids |
| Classification | Anti-inflammatory, Respiratory Agents |
| Pharmacokinetics | Inhaled corticosteroids are primarily absorbed locally in the lungs. Systemic absorption varies significantly depending on the specific drug, dose, and patient factors. Peak plasma levels are usually low, and the effects are primarily localized to the respiratory tract. Metabolism primarily occurs in the liver, and excretion is mostly via the kidneys. The duration of action varies based on the specific corticosteroid. |
| suggested dosage | Dosage varies significantly depending on the specific inhaled corticosteroid, the patient's condition, and the severity of the disease. It's crucial to follow the prescribing physician's instructions and the specific product information. Dosages are generally titrated upward or downward from a starting dose to achieve therapeutic efficacy while minimizing systemic side effects. Patient age and weight are less critical for the dosage calculation than the severity and response to the treatment in the specific patient. |
| indications | | 1 | Asthma | | 2 | Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) | | 3 | Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA) | | 4 | Rhinitis (allergic and non-allergic) | | 5 | Other inflammatory airway conditions |
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| Safety in pregnancy | Inhaled corticosteroids are generally considered safe during pregnancy when used as prescribed. However, high doses or long-term use might warrant careful consideration and monitoring by an obstetrician. The potential risks of maternal and fetal adverse effects must be weighed against the potential benefits of treatment. |
| Safety in breastfeeding | Inhaled corticosteroids are generally considered safe for use during breastfeeding. Very small amounts of the drug may be transferred into breast milk. However, there is generally no known safety concern associated with this exposure in a normal dosage regimen. The benefits of treatment for the mother must be weighed against possible minimal risk to the infant. |
| side effects | | 1 | Oral candidiasis (thrush) | | 2 | Hoarseness | | 3 | Dysphonia | | 4 | Cough | | 5 | Headache | | 6 | Nasal irritation | | 7 | Upper respiratory infections | | 8 | Systemic side effects (including adrenal insufficiency, osteoporosis, and cataracts) are more likely with high doses or long-term use, though these effects are less likely in normal clinical practice. |
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| alternatives | |
| contraindications | | 1 | Hypersensitivity to the drug | | 2 | Severe uncontrolled infections | | 3 | In combination with other medications that can result in additive effects on the adrenal gland. |
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| interactions | Inhaled corticosteroids may interact with other medications, particularly other immunosuppressants, affecting their efficacy or safety profile. Information on potential interactions with other medications should be reviewed in detail with the physician prescribing the medication. |
| warnings and precautions | | 1 | Proper inhalation technique is crucial to maximize efficacy and minimize side effects. | | 2 | Patients should be monitored for signs of systemic effects, especially with high doses or prolonged use. | | 3 | Avoid abrupt discontinuation of the medication. It should be tapered under the supervision of a doctor. | | 4 | Regular follow-up appointments with the physician are necessary for monitoring treatment efficacy and minimizing potential complications. |
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| additional informations | | 1 | There are different types of inhaled corticosteroids, each with slightly varying pharmacokinetics and potential side effects. | | 2 | Always use the inhaler according to the instructions provided by the manufacturer. | | 3 | Thorough understanding of the patient's condition is required to establish a tailored treatment regimen. | | 4 | This information is intended for educational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice. Consult with a healthcare professional for specific medical guidance. |
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| patient profile | |
