| name | Long-Acting Bronchodilators |
| Classification | Respiratory; Antiasthmatics; Bronchodilators (Long-Acting) |
| Pharmacokinetics | Absorption varies depending on the specific drug. Most are administered orally or by inhalation. Metabolism occurs primarily in the liver. Excretion is typically via the kidneys. Duration of action varies by medication and ranges from 12 to 24 hours. Specific details depend on the individual drug (e.g., Salmeterol, Formoterol, Arformoterol). Peak concentrations in the blood typically occur 30-60 minutes after inhalation and are maintained throughout the day. |
| suggested dosage | Dosage varies significantly based on the specific drug, patient response, and underlying condition. It's crucial to consult a doctor or pharmacist for personalized dosage recommendations. General information on dosage forms and routes of administration (e.g. inhalers, oral medication) is available from resources like the manufacturer's package inserts. *Do not adjust dosage without consulting a medical professional.* |
| indications | Long-acting bronchodilators are used to prevent and manage symptoms of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). They relax the muscles around the airways, making it easier to breathe. |
| Safety in pregnancy | Limited data on use during pregnancy. Consult with a doctor to assess risks and benefits. Avoidance of use in early pregnancy is a recommendation in some guidelines. |
| Safety in breastfeeding | Limited data on excretion into breast milk. Potential for minimal effects. Consult with a doctor to weigh risks and benefits. |
| side effects | | 1 | Headache | | 2 | Tremor (especially hands) | | 3 | Anxiety | | 4 | Palpitations | | 5 | Nervousness | | 6 | Increased heart rate | | 7 | Dry mouth | | 8 | Nausea | | 9 | Vomiting | | 10 | Muscle cramps | | 11 | Sleep disturbances | | 12 | Cough |
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| alternatives | |
| contraindications | | 1 | Known hypersensitivity to the drug or any of its components | | 2 | Uncontrolled hypertension or heart conditions (especially arrhythmias) | | 3 | Severe uncontrolled anxiety or tremor |
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| interactions | | 1 | Other medications (e.g., beta-blockers, certain antidepressants) | | 2 | Caffeine or other stimulants |
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| warnings and precautions | | 1 | Regular monitoring of lung function is recommended to ensure efficacy and to detect potential adverse effects. | | 2 | Do not use the medication if a severe reaction or condition is detected. | | 3 | Do not stop using the medication suddenly without consulting a doctor. | | 4 | Proper technique for inhaler use is crucial. Inhaler devices must be used correctly and checked regularly to ensure they are functioning properly. | | 5 | Patients should be monitored for signs of worsening respiratory symptoms and should seek immediate medical attention if these occur. |
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| additional informations | Individual responses to long-acting bronchodilators can vary. It's essential to follow your doctor's instructions carefully and report any unusual side effects. |
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