| name | Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Creams (NSAIDs) |
| classification | Topical analgesics and anti-inflammatory agents |
| pharmacokinetics | | absorption | Absorption varies depending on the specific NSAID, vehicle, and skin site. Generally, topical NSAIDs are absorbed to a lesser extent than oral NSAIDs. The concentration in systemic circulation is low, minimizing systemic side effects compared to oral NSAIDs. However, absorption can increase with larger application areas, prolonged use, or skin conditions (e.g., wounds, eczema). The rate and extent of absorption also depend on the cream's vehicle, skin hydration, and integrity. | | distribution | NSAIDs, when applied topically, are largely distributed locally, minimizing systemic effects. | | metabolism | Metabolism primarily occurs at the site of application. | | excretion | Excretion primarily occurs via the kidneys, with a smaller contribution from other pathways. |
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| suggested dosage | | note | Dosage recommendations for topical NSAIDs vary significantly by specific product and the condition being treated. Consult a healthcare professional for appropriate dosage guidelines. | | example | Typically applied as a thin layer to the affected area 2-4 times daily. | | specific dosage examples | | 1 | | drug | Diclofenac gel | | dosage | Apply a thin layer 2 to 3 times daily to affected area. |
| | 2 | | drug | Ketoprofen gel | | dosage | Apply a thin layer 2 to 3 times daily to affected area. |
| | 3 | | drug | Naproxen gel | | dosage | Apply a thin layer 2 to 3 times daily to affected area. |
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| indications | Topical NSAIDs are used for various conditions, including:
* Pain and inflammation associated with musculoskeletal disorders (e.g., arthritis, sprains, strains).
* Pain and inflammation from soft tissue injuries (e.g., tendinitis, bursitis).
* Postoperative pain in certain cases.
* Localized pain and inflammation associated with skin conditions (e.g., dermatitis, eczema)
* **Note**: Consult a physician for diagnosis and appropriate treatment for skin conditions. Do not use topical NSAIDs on infected areas without professional guidance. |
| safety in pregnancy | Limited data exist on the safety of topical NSAIDs during pregnancy. Some animal studies have raised concerns, although there's no strong evidence of harm to humans. It is best to use caution during pregnancy and avoid use except under professional medical advice, when the potential benefits clearly outweigh potential risks. |
| safety in breastfeeding | Limited data is available. The small amount of NSAID that is absorbed systemically is unlikely to reach a harmful level in breast milk; however, use during breastfeeding is not recommended unless benefits outweigh possible risks, and it should be avoided. |
| side effects | Common side effects include skin reactions like rash, itching, burning, and irritation. Less common but more serious side effects can include allergic reactions, skin infections, or systemic effects from excessive absorption. The severity and incidence of these reactions vary depending on the specific NSAID, concentration, application site, and patient-specific factors. Seek immediate medical attention for any unusual or severe reaction. |
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| contraindications | | 1 | Known hypersensitivity or allergy to any NSAID | | 2 | Open wounds or skin lesions in the treatment area | | 3 | Skin infections | | 4 | Conditions requiring prolonged use that may cause excessive absorption | | 5 | Severe kidney disease |
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| interactions | Limited interactions compared to oral NSAIDs. However, concurrent use of other topical medications, or oral medications, may lead to interactions. Always inform your physician about all medications you are taking. |
| warnings and precautions | | 1 | Apply only to the affected area | | 2 | Avoid contact with eyes, mucous membranes, and broken skin | | 3 | Do not use on large areas of skin or for extended periods without medical consultation | | 4 | Monitor the skin for adverse reactions | | 5 | Read the specific product label carefully before use |
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| additional informations | Use topical NSAIDs as prescribed by your physician. Failure to follow instructions or use the product beyond the advised parameters can negatively impact outcomes. |
| patient specific information | | age | 25 | | weight | 70 | | notes | Patient's age and weight do not significantly impact dosage for topical NSAIDs. Individual responses to topical medications can vary. Always consult a healthcare provider for proper assessment and guidance. |
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