name | Short-Acting Beta-2 Agonists (SABAs) |
classification | Bronchodilators, Respiratory Agents |
pharmacokinetics | absorption | Rapidly absorbed following inhalation. Peak effect within minutes to 30 minutes. | distribution | Primarily distributed to the lungs. | metabolism | Metabolized rapidly in the lungs and systemically. | excretion | Excreted primarily via metabolism and exhalation. Elimination half-life varies by specific agent. | important notes | Pharmacokinetic parameters can vary slightly between different SABAs. |
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suggested dosage | notes | Dosage varies significantly depending on the specific SABA, patient's condition, and response. Always follow the instructions provided by your doctor or pharmacist, and do not exceed recommended dosages. | example | Albuterol inhalation, 2 puffs, every 4-6 hours as needed. | important notes | Nebulized forms provide more rapid delivery for acute exacerbations. |
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indications | 1 | Treatment of bronchospasm and reversible airflow obstruction associated with asthma and COPD. | 2 | Acute relief of symptoms such as wheezing, shortness of breath, and coughing. |
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safety pregnancy | details | SABAs are generally considered safe for use during pregnancy if used as directed. However, potential risks should be discussed with your healthcare provider. Some studies suggest an increased risk of premature labor in higher doses. | important notes | Limited data is available on long-term use. |
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safety breastfeeding | details | SABAs are generally considered safe for use by breastfeeding mothers if used as directed. However, small amounts may be transferred into breast milk, and potential effects on the infant should be discussed with your healthcare provider. | important notes | Limited data on long-term use and direct effects on breastfed infants. |
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side effects | 1 | Tremor | 2 | Anxiety | 3 | Headache | 4 | Palpitations | 5 | Nervousness | 6 | Nausea | 7 | Increased heart rate | 8 | Restlessness | 9 | Muscle cramps |
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alternatives | |
contraindications | 1 | Known hypersensitivity to SABAs | 2 | Uncontrolled heart conditions (e.g., severe arrhythmias) | 3 | Severe uncontrolled hypertension |
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interactions | 1 | Certain medications for heart conditions (beta-blockers) | 2 | Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) |
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warnings precautions | 1 | Use cautiously in patients with cardiovascular conditions. | 2 | Monitor for side effects, especially in the elderly and those with pre-existing conditions. | 3 | Do not abruptly stop use. Taper off under medical supervision. | 4 | Avoid use in individuals known to be sensitive to sympathomimetic amines | 5 | May potentiate other sympathomimetic drugs (other bronchodilators). |
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additional informations | specific notes | SABAs are intended for acute use; long-term control of asthma or COPD requires additional medication(s) as prescribed by your healthcare provider. | patient specific | Individual responses to SABAs can vary significantly. Close monitoring of the patient's response to treatment is essential. | important note | This information is for general knowledge and educational purposes only, and does not constitute medical advice. Always consult with a healthcare professional for any health concerns or before making any decisions related to your health or treatment. |
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patient specific considerations | age weight | For a 25-year-old male weighing 70 kg, dosage will be determined by the severity of their condition and the specific SABA used. Your doctor will tailor the treatment based on your needs. |
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important notes side effects | These side effects are usually mild to moderate. More severe side effects are rare but possible. Report any unusual or concerning side effects to your healthcare provider immediately. |