| name | Zileuton |
| classification | Leukotriene Synthesis Inhibitors |
| pharmacokinetics | Zileuton is primarily metabolized in the liver. Peak plasma concentrations are typically achieved within 1-2 hours after oral administration. The drug is extensively bound to plasma proteins. Elimination half-life is approximately 3-4 hours, although it can be prolonged in patients with liver impairment. Excretion is primarily via the kidneys as metabolites. |
| suggested dosage | | adult | | 1 | | dosage form | oral capsule | | typical dose | 600 mg orally every 6 hours, 1200 mg total daily dose. |
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| | note | Dosage should be adjusted based on individual patient response and tolerability. Specific dosage recommendations depend on the clinical indication and severity of the condition. Always consult with a physician. |
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| indications | Zileuton is primarily used for the treatment of chronic asthma, particularly for patients who do not respond well to other therapies or who experience significant side effects from alternative medications. It may also be used to reduce the frequency and severity of asthma attacks, especially those related to allergic triggers. |
| safety in pregnancy | Pregnancy Category C. There are limited data available on the use of zileuton in pregnant women. The potential risks to the fetus are unknown. The decision to use zileuton during pregnancy must be made on a case-by-case basis by the healthcare provider and weighing the risks and benefits. Avoid during pregnancy unless the benefit outweighs the risk. |
| safety in breastfeeding | It is unknown whether zileuton is excreted into breast milk. Because of the potential for adverse effects on the infant, caution should be exercised. Consultation with a healthcare professional is strongly recommended before using zileuton while breastfeeding. Alternatively, breastfeeding may need to be discontinued if using zileuton. |
| side effects | | 1 | Headache | | 2 | Dizziness | | 3 | Nausea | | 4 | Vomiting | | 5 | Gastrointestinal distress (e.g., abdominal pain, diarrhea) | | 6 | Elevated liver enzymes (transaminases) | | 7 | Jaundice | | 8 | Skin rash | | 9 | Elevated bilirubin levels | | 10 | Liver damage (rare but serious) |
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| alternatives | |
| contraindications | Known hypersensitivity to zileuton or any of its components. Severe liver disease. Active or recent history of significant liver dysfunction. Patients with certain genetic predispositions to liver injury. Concurrent use of other drugs that may affect liver function. |
| interactions | Zileuton can interact with other medications, particularly those metabolized by the liver. Examples include certain medications used to treat HIV, some antibiotics, and other drugs that can affect liver function. Always inform your physician of all medications, including over-the-counter drugs and supplements, that you are taking. |
| warnings and precautions | Regular monitoring of liver function tests (LFTs) is essential, especially during the initial treatment period and periodically throughout treatment with zileuton. Patients should be advised of the signs and symptoms of liver dysfunction. If symptoms of liver damage occur, stop taking the medication and seek medical attention immediately. Caution should be exercised in patients with a history of liver disease or alcohol abuse. |
| additional information | Zileuton is a potent drug, and liver damage is a possible serious side effect, necessitating careful monitoring. Patients should be educated on the importance of regular follow-up appointments and reporting any unusual symptoms. Alternative treatments should be considered if possible. This information is for general knowledge only and does not constitute medical advice. Always consult with a healthcare professional for personalized treatment recommendations. |
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