| name | Long-acting Beta2 Agonists (LABAs) |
| classification | Bronchodilators (specifically, sympathomimetics) |
| pharmacokinetics | LABAs primarily exert their bronchodilating effects by stimulating beta2-adrenergic receptors in the lungs. Absorption varies depending on the specific LABA, but generally occurs rapidly after inhalation. The drugs are metabolized in the liver and excreted primarily in the urine. Due to their long-acting nature, the duration of action can vary, with some maintaining effects for up to 12 hours. Specific pharmacokinetic information is highly dependent on the *specific* LABA, e.g., salmeterol, formoterol. |
| suggested dosage | Dosage varies significantly between different LABAs and depends on individual needs and response. There is no one-size-fits-all dosage for a 25-year-old male weighing 70kg. Dosage and administration instructions must be meticulously followed as prescribed by a physician and should not be adjusted without their supervision. The inhaler technique is critical and should be demonstrated and practiced with the patient. |
| indications | LABAs are primarily used in the management of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) to provide long-term bronchodilation and prevent bronchospasm. They are often used in combination with inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) for enhanced efficacy and reduced risk of side effects compared to using LABAs alone. |
| safety in pregnancy | LABA use during pregnancy should be carefully considered and only used when the potential benefits outweigh the risks. Available studies on long-term effects are limited. Consultation with a physician is crucial for risk assessment and benefit-risk evaluation in pregnant women. |
| safety in breastfeeding | The safety of LABAs during breastfeeding is not fully established. Some LABAs may be excreted in breast milk. The potential risks and benefits should be carefully evaluated by the prescribing physician in consultation with the breastfeeding mother. |
| side effects | Common side effects of LABAs can include tremors, nervousness, headaches, palpitations, and insomnia. More serious but less frequent side effects include tachycardia, anxiety, hypertension, and cardiac arrhythmias. The severity and frequency of these side effects vary based on the individual patient and the specific LABA medication being used. |
| alternatives | | 1 | | | 2 | | alternative | Anticholinergics | | details | Provide bronchodilation but may not be as effective as LABAs in some patients. |
| | 3 | | | 4 | | | 5 | | alternative | Theophylline | | details | A less common alternative, generally only considered when other medications are ineffective or poorly tolerated. |
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| contraindications | LABAs are contraindicated in patients with known hypersensitivity to the drug or any of its components. Caution should be exercised in patients with severe cardiovascular disease, hyperthyroidism, and pheochromocytoma. |
| interactions | LABAs may interact with other medications such as beta-blockers, which may reduce the bronchodilatory effects. There may also be interactions with other drugs metabolized by the liver. Always consult with your physician about potential drug interactions. |
| warnings and precautions | Patients should be advised to use LABAs as prescribed and avoid increasing dosages without medical supervision. Regular monitoring of lung function and cardiovascular status may be necessary, especially in patients with underlying cardiovascular conditions. Do not stop LABA use abruptly without consulting your physician. |
| additional informations | Regular pulmonary function tests are often necessary in patients using LABAs. Patients should be educated on proper inhaler technique to ensure maximum drug delivery and minimize potential side effects. The decision to use LABAs should be made after careful evaluation of the patient's specific clinical situation by a qualified healthcare professional. This information is for general knowledge and educational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice. Always consult with a doctor for any health concerns or before making any decisions related to your health. |
| specific LABA examples | | 1 | | LABA | Salmeterol | | notes | Long-acting, administered via inhalation. |
| | 2 | | LABA | Formoterol | | notes | Long-acting, administered via inhalation, often used with ICS. |
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